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Sicangu children at Rosebud in South Dakota in 1987 before the Lakota children entered Hampton boarding school in Virginia. Photo Library of Congress |
In the race to scrape up all the data in the world, a Chinese company and a U.S. company are in a race to the top, or the bottom, in the AI, artificial intelligence industry, depending on your perspective. They are in the business of answering questions -- using other peoples data -- on new search platforms.
We asked the Chinese-owned DeepSeek this question: Did U.S. boarding schools commit genocide? DeepSeek confirms that boarding schools are responsible for genocide. On the other hand, the big money U.S. rival ChatGPT says, it's just a matter of perspective.
DeepSeek confirms it was genocide.
"Under the U.N. Genocide Convention, the U.S. boarding school policies constitute genocide due to the intent to destroy Native American identities through forced child transfers, cultural erasure, and systemic harm," DeepSeek responded.
ChatGPT said, "Ultimately, whether these policies amount to genocide depends on one’s interpretation of the term."
DeepSeek caused a dumpster crash in the stock market, because the Chinese start up is answering questions for a small portion of the energy cost that its U.S. rival requires to operate massive data centers.
Now, U.S. billionaire investors, are hysterical with fear.
And there's the big question: Are the AI, artificial intelligence companies, plagiarizing copyrighted material? Is it a multi-billion dollar industry based on theft?
Did the United States commit genocide by taking Native American children from their families and placing them in boarding schools
Thought for 36 seconds
Okay, so I need to figure out whether the United States committed genocide by taking Native American children from their families and putting them in boarding schools. Hmm, first, I should understand what genocide means. The term genocide was coined by Raphael Lemkin and is defined in the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. According to that, genocide includes acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. The acts can include killing members, causing serious bodily or mental harm, deliberately inflicting conditions to bring about physical destruction, imposing measures to prevent births, or forcibly transferring children from the group to another.
So, the boarding school policy involved taking Native American children away from their families, often by force, and placing them in schools where they were forbidden to speak their languages, practice their cultures, or engage in their traditions. The idea was to assimilate them into Euro-American culture. The question is whether this fits the definition of genocide, specifically the part about forcibly transferring children.
I remember that the UN definition includes forcibly transferring children of the group to another group as a form of genocide. So if the U.S. government did that with the intent to destroy the Native American group, then it could be considered genocide. But intent is a key part here. Did the policymakers intend to destroy the Native American groups, or were they just trying to assimilate them, thinking it was for their own good? That's a bit of a gray area. However, the effect of the boarding schools was the erosion of Native cultures, languages, and identities, which could contribute to the destruction of the group as a cultural entity.
There's also the matter of other acts listed under genocide. The boarding schools were known for harsh conditions where many children died due to disease, malnutrition, and abuse. So that could fall under causing serious bodily or mental harm. Additionally, if the intent was to eliminate the group's existence by preventing them from passing their culture to the next generation, that might fit.
But I need to check historical context. The U.S. government's policies towards Native Americans included various actions like forced relocation (Trail of Tears), massacres, and breaking treaties. The boarding schools were part of a broader assimilation policy. Some officials, like Richard Henry Pratt, who founded the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, famously said, "Kill the Indian in him, and save the man." That suggests an intent to eliminate cultural identity, which is part of the genocide definition.
However, some might argue that the primary intent was assimilation rather than destruction. But under the UN definition, the intent to destroy the group "as such" includes cultural destruction. So even if the intent wasn't to kill them all, but to destroy their cultural identity, that's still genocide.
There's also the question of whether this has been legally recognized as genocide. The United States has not officially acknowledged the boarding school policy as genocide, but some scholars and activists argue that it meets the criteria. Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission labeled similar policies there as cultural genocide, though Canada has since recognized it as genocide. The U.S. has not gone that far, but recent investigations, like the 2022 report by the Department of the Interior, acknowledged the federal government's role in the forced assimilation and trauma inflicted on Native communities.
So putting this all together, the forcible transfer of children with the intent to destroy the cultural identity of the group fits the definition of genocide under international law. The key points are the intent and the acts committed. The U.S. policies, including boarding schools, were systematic and targeted at eradicating Native cultures, which constitutes genocide as per the UN definition. However, the U.S. government's official stance might not accept this terminology, but based on the legal definition and historical evidence, it does qualify.
The question of whether the United States committed genocide through its Native American boarding school policies involves analyzing historical actions against the legal definition of genocide. Here's a structured analysis:
Definition of Genocide (UN Convention):
Genocide is defined as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, including:
Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
Causing serious physical or mental harm.
Imposing conditions intended to destroy the group physically or culturally.
Key Evidence from U.S. Boarding School Policies:
Forcible Transfer of Children:
From the 19th to mid-20th centuries, thousands of Native children were removed from their families, often through coercion, and placed in federally funded boarding schools.
Cultural Destruction:
Children were prohibited from speaking Native languages, practicing traditions, or engaging with their cultures.
This systematic suppression aligns with the UN’s inclusion of cultural destruction as a form of genocide when tied to intent to dismantle the group’s identity.
Physical and Mental Harm:
Boarding schools were marked by harsh conditions, including forced labor, malnutrition, disease, and abuse. Many children died, and survivors suffered lasting trauma.
These conditions meet the criteria of causing serious bodily or mental harm.
Intent:
Policymakers like Richard Henry Pratt and government documents (e.g., the 1868 Peace Commission report) explicitly stated the intent to eradicate Native cultures to eliminate tribal sovereignty.
The U.S. government’s broader policies—including land dispossession, forced relocation, and treaty violations—contextualize the boarding schools as part of a systemic effort to undermine Native existence.
Legal and Historical Recognition:
International Law: The forced transfer of children and cultural destruction meet the UN definition if intent is proven. Scholars and activists argue this intent is evident in historical records.
Canada’s Precedent: Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2015) labeled similar policies as cultural genocide, later recognized as genocide. The U.S. has not formally done so, but the 2022 Department of the Interior report acknowledged the policies’ “traumatic, violent, and lasting impacts.”
Ongoing Debate: While the U.S. government has not officially used the term "genocide," the policies’ intent and impact align with legal criteria. Survivors and Indigenous communities widely view these acts as genocidal.
Under the UN Genocide Convention, the U.S. boarding school policies constitute genocide due to the intent to destroy Native American identities through forced child transfers, cultural erasure, and systemic harm. While official U.S. acknowledgment remains pending, the historical evidence and legal framework strongly support this classification. The legacy of these policies continues to affect Native communities, underscoring the need for reconciliation and reparative justice.
The question of whether the United States committed genocide by taking Native American children from their families and placing them in boarding schools is complex and contentious. It touches on the definitions of genocide, historical context, and the intent and impact of the policies involved.
The practice of forcibly removing Native American children from their families and placing them in boarding schools was part of a broader U.S. government policy aimed at assimilating Native Americans into Euro-American culture. The boarding schools, especially those run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, sought to erase indigenous languages, traditions, and cultures, often through harsh methods. Children were often forbidden from speaking their native languages, and their cultural practices were suppressed.
In terms of genocide, the United Nations defines it as acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. This includes killings, causing serious bodily or mental harm, and imposing measures to prevent births or forcibly transferring children to another group. Many argue that the forced removal of children, along with the aim of cultural assimilation, meets some aspects of this definition, particularly in terms of causing long-lasting harm to indigenous cultures and societies. The children were subjected to physical and emotional abuse, with many suffering from neglect, poor living conditions, and mistreatment.
However, genocide typically also involves mass killings, which did not occur in these specific policies. Some historians and scholars argue that while the actions of the U.S. government may not meet every part of the UN’s definition of genocide, they did involve cultural genocide, causing immense harm to indigenous communities. Others emphasize that the intent to wipe out Native American cultures and break down indigenous families fits within a broader definition of genocide, even without mass killing.
Ultimately, whether these policies amount to genocide depends on one’s interpretation of the term. What is clear is that these boarding school policies were deeply harmful, causing generational trauma, loss of identity, and long-lasting effects on Native American communities. Many Native Americans today view these actions as part of a larger pattern of genocide in the history of U.S. treatment of indigenous peoples.
The Guardian says, "DeepSeek is the new Chinese AI that rivals US big tech at a fraction of the cost. However, despite its apparent appeal to international users, DeepSeek appears to censor answers to sensitive questions about China and its government."
"The Chinese-owned chatbot wiped $600bn from American chipmaker Nvidia’s market value on Monday in the biggest market value drop in US stock market history, according to Bloomberg," The Guardian says.
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1 comment:
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in December of 1948. In the UN definition of genocide, certainly , forcibly transferring children of the group to another group" was a horrific part of the grand scheme to ethnically cleanse Indians from the very memory of American history. Another important point of the UN definition was, "Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part". Little known, even to this day, is the sentence buried in the Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871 that said, "that hereafter no Indian nation or tribe within the territory of the United States shall be acknowledged or recognized as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty". With one sentence hidden among farm implements and salaries for government agents, they destroyed our God given status as Nations. That is genocide. Consequently, there are approximately 368 treaties that have yet to be honored!
by treaty."
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