"California wanted to exterminate the Indians. They didn't want any damn treaties," he said of the history in the 1800s.
US Treasury bonds were issued to exterminate Indians. They collected over $410,000 to exterminate Indians.
The US created laws to kidnap and steal Indian children. They killed the parents.
"They bought the girls to use them."
Describing the history of California Indians, Lopez said Mexicans seizing land in land grants also captured California Indians and made them into slaves.
The US created laws to force Indians into indentured servitude. Since Indians could not talk in the courts, farmers would claim Indians trespassed on their land. Then, farmers seized Indians as indentured servants. This slavery of California Indians continued into the 1930s.
The state paid over $1.7 million for military expeditions to murder California Indians. In the process, the environment was destroyed, including the deer and the basket making plants.
"This is the way the land was taken by the whites."
Lopez said many of the treaties of California Indians were sealed because California sabotaged tribal recognition.
Lopez said the Papal Bulls led to this.
The Papal Bulls led the United States to falsely claim that Indians did not own their water rights, but only had the right to use the water on their land.
Lopez said Indian people do own their land, do own their water.
Lopez said there must be tremendous pressure put on the Vatican and the United States to rescind the Papal Bulls.
Twelve million people were put into slavery in Africa alone because of the Papal Bulls.
Jesse Riddle described the assassination chairs to kill Indians. A nail was placed in a chair. Indians were seated in the chair and then the nail was banged into the neck of Indian people to assassinate them. Their bodies were then used as a commodity, to make chairs and other items.
The AIM West Conference began its second day with scholar and activist Dr. Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, author of An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States. Dunbar-Ortiz spoke on the Doctrine of Discovery and colonialism.
Although some scholars urge rescinding the Doctrine of Discovery, not all Native Americans view it as important, or even something they want to hear about, as was revealed in the discussion at the AIM West conference.
During her presentation, Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz described how the Christian monarchies of Europe were required to obey the laws of the Vatican, including the Papal Bulls.
She described how Europeans were on the quest in the spice trade in the 1400s. This is how Columbus proposed the voyage to Indonesia. However, Columbus "bumped into this continent they didn't know existed." she said.
Already slavery was underway, even though it was not legal. So, a law was created for Portugal to legalize slavery and steal slaves in Africa in 1455. It gave Portugal the right to colonize Africa, she said.
Beginning in the Twelfth Century, armed Christian crusaders were attacking Moors. They were burning Arabic books in Spain, as they invaded those towns. There was an inquisition to investigate the "cleanliness of blood." It was to determine if Moors, Muslims and Jews had converted.
It was a time of governing by the sword.
Columbus was a mercenary, in the Crusades, and militarized. They were attacking the Arabs.
Describing the voyage, she said, "Columbus went for Spain." At the same time, ship loads of Jews were being deported.
Then, there was another Papal Bull that gave Spain permission to claim new lands.
Dunbar-Ortiz said it is important to understand the Papal Bulls to understand what is happening today.
Eventually, the British acquired these laws. Then, the United States also acquired the Doctrine of Discovery and made it law.
Eventually, it became the basis of the United States claims that the Cherokees had no right to their land. Afterwards, Oneidas were denied land rights. This evolved into the United States claims to the land and the false concept that the United States government had the authority to recognize sovereignty.
"We have to organize around it," Dunbar-Ortiz said.
She said people in the United States today find the Doctrine of Discovery unbelievable. They question why they did not know it existed.
Dunbar-Ortiz said, "This is a colonial state." Today, the Doctrine of Discovery allows the United States to invade other countries and keep Native people in a colonial state.
In response, Carol Standing Elk, Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate, said, "I don't recognize it."
Standing Elk said she doesn't need to hear about the Doctrine of Discovery.
Standing Elk said there are three governments that carve up the world when there are world wars.
During the AIM West Conference discussion, the question of the creation of 'Thanksgiving'
was questioned.
Dunbar-Ortiz said Thanksgiving began as a time of prayer, but was changed into something
different. She said it became part of the United States' origin story, a political story which includes
the Fourth of July.
"The US origin story is a political weapon."
Dunbar-Ortiz said Thanksgiving became part of the United States origin story, at a time when
the United States was becoming the "world's policeman."
During the afternoon of the second day of the AIM West Conference, the panel was, Mascots in Sports: Organizing for Social Justice, focused on bay area public schools and national sports teams, with Dr. Blu Wakpah, Tria Wakpah, Angel Hart, Philip Mehas, with Molly Batchelder. Thanks to Karen Wright for the photos below.
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| Photo Karen Wright. |
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| Photo Karen Wright |
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| Photo Karen Wright |
